Labeling of McCandless in Jon Krakauers Into the Wild Essay

Many people get sensible and feel miserable at the sight of cruel remarks on what they believe is sacred. Jon Krakauer wrote the book, Into the wild, to express his thoughts about his disapproval on what several people assume about Christopher McCandless, the main character. This people label McCandless stupid for leaving to Alaska without the vital equipment. To prove that he is not â€Å"stupid† for doing this he used appeal to pathos, appeal to logos and appeal to ethos. By comparing Krakauer’s own life experiences and other peoples too to McCandless, he gave a little perspective and demonstrated that the negative remarks of many people were not correct for someone else had performed the same thing. Krakauer compared his youth mistakes†¦show more content†¦People go into many things to try to escape their life. Some people start eating a lot, while other stop. Some people go into drugs, while others start drinking. Some people go into depression, while others are allured to take high risk actions. Maybe Christopher McCandless took this action because his relationship with his dad was not the best. Krakauer associated his relationship with his father to McCandless and his dad. â€Å"Like McCandless, figures of male authority aroused in me a confusing medley of corked fury and hunger to please† (Krakauer 134). Krakauer feels the pressure to succeed and the desire to rebel, because his father constantly pushed him to perfection, like McCandless father. Chris could no longer deal with his life and spitefully left everything he knew for his dad’s high expectations. â€Å"I got into my head to climb a mountain called the Devils Thumb† (Krakauer 134). To show his father he can do it, he revealed in the book his thought processes during the climb. At the end he came to the conclusion that his method of thinking could have killed him something that ultimately happened to McCandless. To sum it up, by comparing his own and other people’s experiences the author Jon Krakauer appeal to pathos to give a little perspective on why Chris McCandless is not a young foolish kid as several people assume he is. Everybody does mistakes and Jon Krakauer tries to use appeal to logos to explain that the cause of Chris McCandless death was a mistakeShow MoreRelatedJon Krakauer’s Into the Wild and Tim O’Brien’s How to Tell War Story1863 Words   |  8 Pagesin the study of Chris McCandless journey to Alaska, from Jon Krakauer’s â€Å"Selections from Into the Wild†. Many argued the motives behind McCandless’ escape from society because readers translated McCandless’ experiences differently due to his journal lacking all of his experiences. Those experiences translated formed a variety of truths but they didn’t convince Krakauer, so he hiked the very mountains McCandless hiked in an attempt to retain the same experiences as McCandless. Krakauer was unsuccessfulRead MoreComparison Of Into The Wild, By Cheryl Strayed And Into The Wild936 Words   |  4 Pageswith the natural world. Although Wild by Cheryl Strayed and Into the Wild by Jon Krak auer share the same word in their titles, the two are completely different stories with separate narrative purposes. Wild is about the author’s journey of self-discovery and self-acceptance through hiking the Pacific Crest Trail, and Into the Wild is the author’s discovery of Chris Mccandless’s natural journey, which ultimately led him to his death. Even though the ending of Wild leads to Strayed’s renewal of life

Organizational Behavior Concepts General Electric

Organizational Behavior Concepts: ï ¿ ½ PAGE * MERGEFORMAT ï ¿ ½9ï ¿ ½ Organizational Behavior Concepts: General Electric William Ward Axia College MGT245 Thomas Jankowski June 1, 2008 ï ¿ ½ ï ¿ ½ Introduction Every business has a set of key characteristics or values that make up an organizational culture which is unique to its business. Organizational behavior examines the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organizations effectiveness (Robbins, 2005). The purpose of this research paper is to identify and evaluate General Electrics (GE) organizational culture, organizational behavior, and customer service standards. We will also†¦show more content†¦When discussing the organizational culture within a company such as GE, we can break management concepts down into three categories. According to Argenti (2002), organizational behavior in organizations is usually broken down into three main areas: Individual level elements: managing individuals Group level elements: managing teams Elements of organizational structure: managing the organization Not only can the application of organizational behavior principles improve an organizations effectiveness, organizational behavior provides a manager the information and knowledge needed to manage an effective workforce (Argenti, 2002). With the advent of organizational perspectives, the analysis of why people instill their presence in an organization is not only because of self-aimed goals of growth and enhancements, but also to locate themselves in a social place in accordance to the area of their perceived belonging (Stroh, Northcraft and Neale, 2002). Motivation Motivation is central to understanding behavior in organizations and a key managerial factor. Two aspects of motivation are structuring tasks to satisfy worker and organizational needs and providing the proper direction for worker actions (Stroh, Northcraft and Neale, 2002). There are a number of factors when it comes to the difference in worker performance. One of these factors is related to different levels of abilityShow MoreRelatedEconomics581 Words   |  3 Pagesa new car. How would understanding the concept of opportunity costs help her make a decision? 2. (10 pts.) Referring to the table below, hiring a driver costs $10. Each machine costs $100. Which method should he use and why? 3. (10 pts.) Enron will be an example of a dysfunctional company for many years to come. It was clearly a company riddled with fraud and excess and its conduct drove it into bankruptcy. The text argues that individual behavior was not at the core of Enron’s problemsRead MoreProfessional Development Plan Essay examples2646 Words   |  11 PagesProfessional Development Plan HRM/326 Professional Development Plan Introduction General Electric has always been a pioneer in technological advancements. In order to succeed in business and be successful GE periodically performs a Need Analysis on areas the company has earmarked for improvement. A Team Concept has been adopted as the most efficient means of exchanging ideas and implementing change. It helps employees develop an understanding of buy in and also allows each to feel importantRead MoreA Typical Design : Summative Case Analysis1211 Words   |  5 PagesFormulating a concise and effective design can often be exacting to an organization and of an industrial and organizational (I-O) (e.g., organizational consultant, or OC) practitioner/psychologist. This is especially true when an organization is attempting to initiate a program focus on individual development, specifically to address translation of strategic operational terms, alignment of organizational strategies, instill strategy in everyday job, continuously practice the processes of strategies, andRead MoreMgt 312 Organizational Behavior for Manager Complete Class1190 Words   |  5 PagesMGT 312 Organizational Behavior for Manager Complete Class http://homeworkfy.com/downloads/mgt-312-organizational-behavior-for-manager-complete-class/ To Get this Tutorial Copy Paste above URL Into Your Browser Hit Us Email for Any Inquiry at: Homeworkfy@gmail.com Visit our Site for More Tutorials: (http://homeworkfy.com/ ) MGT 312 Week 1 Knowledge Check Study Guide MGT 312 WEEK 1 Organizational Behavior Paper Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper explaining the role and purposeRead MoreMarket Based Management1727 Words   |  7 PagesInstructors Grade on Assignment: Instructors Comments: Introduction The Market-Based Management philosophy was developed by Charles Koch 25 years ago while working in Koch Industries. The basic idea of the Market Based Management rely in improve organizational performance and profitability by applying free market principles by allowing employees to act on their own knowledge. Also, MBM allows organizations to evaluate the tools of total quality management and other ideas in order to mobilize the knowledgeRead MoreThe Effects of Cultural Intelligence on Leadership Effectiveness in Multinational Organizations1354 Words   |  5 PagesA Study on Cultural intelligence and its effect on leadership effectiveness and behavior in multinational organizations in Asia Introduction The success of corporate sector is the critical element for the sustained growth and prosperous economy of any nation. In today’s tough competitive market environment, organizations strive to differentiate themselves from the rest by offering the most innovative product and services to the consumers. Organizations that offer solutions beyond the current needsRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour: a Look at Ge2236 Words   |  9 PagesOrganizational Behavior: A look at General Electric In the history of corporations few companies have demonstrated the staying power and tenacity as General Electric (GE.). Of the companies that originally appeared when the Dow Jones Industrial Average was rolled out in 1896 only GE is still doing business today. (General Electric, 2007) GE’s 125 year run has not been spotless. GE, like any long lasting organization, has had many ups and downs. GE’s past has at times been glorious and at other timesRead MoreA Theory Of Authentic Leadership1598 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION In the last decade, highly publicized corporate scandals, (e.g., Bernie Madoff, Enron, Pacific Gas and Electric), unethical management and illegal behavior together with broader social and economic challenges have turned public and academic attention toward the behavior of individual organizational leaders. In response to repeated unethical lapses by highly visible leaders, the general public is demanding greater accountability, calling for positive forms of leadership in organizations in orderRead MoreClassical and Neo Classical Theories1300 Words   |  6 Pagesmanagerial function, ‘to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate, and control’, to be quite distinct from the other five. Fayol also identified general principles of management: division of work; authority and responsibility; discipline; unity of command; unity of direction; subordination of individual interest to general interest; remuneration of personnel; centralization; scalar chain of au thority; order; equity; stability of tenure of personnel; initiative; and esprit de corpsRead MoreKodak And The First Digital Camera1505 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Great Man, Trait, Behavior, Contingency, Influence and Relational. Despite one particular theory, all leaders focus on creating a vision for the future, design social architecture that shapes culture and values, inspire and motivate followers, develop personal qualities and create change within a culture of integrity. (Daft, 2015) However, in Kodak’s organization leadership styles proved to be absent and management was present. Management is the attainment of organizational goals in an effective

Crime and Good Human Beings Free Essays

Now-a-days, the crimes are increasing everywhere. Everyday we hear the news that someone was robbed or murdered. This has lead to instability in many countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Crime and Good Human Beings or any similar topic only for you Order Now In India, it has many adverse effects. The crime rate is going up at a very fast rate in India. Most of the crimes in India involves robbery, theft, etc. Sometimes shops are looted or sometimes houses are looted. Recently in Kolkata, fire broke out in a hospital in which about 92 people died. Also in past, in BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY, about 22,000 people died and thousands of people were seriously injured. These crimes are not intentional. But they accidentally took place. Criminals should not be punished severely. But before punishing, we should try to know why they did so. No one wants to do crime, but situation forces them to commit it. Many people commit crime because they need money to maintain their families. When criminals are kept in jail, they become hardened criminals. They loose their respect and only thinks to hurt others. But now-a-days, the government has started many rehabilitation programs to help criminals to convert them into good human beings. When jail – authorities see improvement in criminals, they release them even before completion of their period of imprisonment. SUPREME COURT OF INDIA has also said that severe punishment cannot be given for any small crime. The court while sentencing the convicts should deal with them under the PROBATION OF OFFENDERS ACT, 1958. The courts should release the convicts of minor offences by giving them the benefit of probation. Crimes are to be hated not the criminals. So at last, I want to say that the criminals should not be given severe punishment. They can be converted into good human beings by humanitarian values like love, careness, etc. So, they should be guided not to do such actions in future instead of sending them to jail. AGAINST No man take birth as a criminal. Their circumstances force them to do what their heart never wills. Their circumstances can be anything it can be due to poverty, ailments or shortage of food. As in the drama bishops candlesticks the convict steals to save his wife from suffering which he never wanted to do. But there was no way other than stealing. But after stealing as by his luck he was caught. And the punishment given to him was too big for his shoes. This was just an example. Imagine how many people in this world would be suffering like this. Instead of understanding the pros and cons of the prisoner he is chained and whipped behind the bars. After a great suffering in the jail they just convert the criminals into a wild beast. Criminals are also human beings and they need to be consulted. No man is born great and no man is a criminal. They want to get wok but there is no employement for them because of shortage of wealth. Society should treat them like normal people. They should be consulted and given a job. People are the future. People should change the world. In this generation by stealing or by lazing around there is no escape. They have to be preached in a certain manner. By these i conclude that criminals arent wicked and do not deserve punishment. we can leave even 1000 criminals to escape but nowhere should one innocent be prosecuted CRIMINALS ARE NOT WICKED AND SO DONOT DESERVE PUNISHMENT I do not agree with the statement that All Criminals Are Wicked And Deserve Punishment. No body is a criminal from birth. It is the environment in which he grows that makes him a criminal or a respected man. Some people turn into criminals due to poverty as they are not able to nourish their family as the Convict in the Bishop’s Candlesticks. He is a good man but his poverty made him worst. Crime needs punishment but first one must look into the reason of the crime and then punish the culprit. Nowadays it is seen that criminals are roaming free and innocent people are sent to prison. One wrong step can turn innocent people into criminals. To remove crime and criminals we have to clean and purify this world and there should bejustice for everyone. How to cite Crime and Good Human Beings, Papers

Touch Screen Technology Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Touch Screen Technology. Answer: Introduction The Touch screen technology is a very talked about technology in todays world. All the companies are trying to incorporate this technology into their devices (Nueman, 2014). Most of the devices that the people are using today are touch screen enabled. The technology is used basically to perform the input and the output operations of the systems of the device. In addition to this, there have more number of projects in the future that is looking to implement the technology in their hardware devices. The report provides a case where the touch screen technology is being incorporated with the hardware of the devices. The report provides a brief summary of the case, the main technology of the systems are also discussed. In addition to this, the impact of the technology on the businesses in the future are also discussed. In addition to this, the market share for the top companies in the fields are also discussed in the report. Summary of the case In the article Touchscreen MacBook, iMacs: Is apple Adding technology to Mac Devices? in the ibmtimes.com released on 4 May 2017 it has been mentioned that, the Apple Inc. company is looking to implement touch screen facility on their MacBook and desktops. Although it has been said that the plan that the Apple Company is looking to introduce is basically for their Mac Pro computers but it is also known from secret sources that the company is looking to implement the technology even on their MacBook and iMac technology also (Wu et al., 2013). Although according to the reports that were posted by the Apple Company it has been said that there are no intentions of the company to release the Mac books or the iMacs with the touch screen facility. The company have said that they are not implementing the techniques right now. It has been thought that it would be very awkward for the users to access the screen that are over 27 inches in the touchscreen mode. They have also thought that the t ouch screen are also not very useful for the multi-touch facilities in the Mac devices. The touch screen desktops have been rumored about for many years and are now getting some response form the companies. But the companies are deciding to take the innovations slowly in to considerations and also are thinking of performing proper testing procedures before putting the machine in to actual field of work. Although in the rumors it has been mentioned that the touch screen facilities if released would be released in the MacBook Pro version of the machines. In addition to Apple their competitors such as the Microsoft Company, Lenovo and Dell are also considering the implementation of the touch screen facilities in the desktop machines that can be released in the market. Main technologies discussed The main technologies that are discussed in the report are basically the implementation of the touch screen facilities on the desktops that are produced by the company. In the article it has been mentioned that, the Apple Company are looking to implement the touch screen facilities mainly on their desktops (Wieman, 2014). The Apple Company are basically looking to implement the touch screen facilities on the Mac Pro computers. The Mac pro computers have a touch bar with an integrated touch ID sensors implemented in them. It is used for the security of the computer using the biometrics systems in the computer. The Mac Pro computers have a 2.9 Ghz dual core Intel Core i5 processors installed in them. This provides very performances of the computers. The processors have a Turbo Core boost process installed in them that can boost the systems clock speed up to 3.3 gigahertz speed. They are also presented with a L3 cache memory that is present in them. It also has an Intel Iris Graphics 55 0 installed in them. This enables retina display in the desktops. Thids would be fairly enhanced by the touchscreen display in the screen of the desktops. In addition to this there are also chances that the company would be implementing the techniques in their MacBook and iMac devices. In addition to all these the devices produces display with a resolution of 5120x2880 with over 60 hertz in about aver a billion number of colors in the machines. In addition to this computer supports HDMI, VGA and Thunderbolt 2 ports in its system. The system would be supporting all these type of files for the display. Hence, the touch screen would also have to support all these techniques in the incorporated system. The impact of the technologies discussed on the future of businesses The Mac Pro computers would be enabling the users with the opportunity of using the touch screen computers. The Mac Pro computers already provide a variety of features such as the retina display, and a very high level of resolution for the display purposes. It would be enhancing the experience of the users to new level. In addition to this, the computer also provides various other kinds of features for the users. And all these features are in addition to the enhanced display features of the computers. But, it has been predicted that the introduction of the new systems would not impact the overall business of the company to any extent (Kolias et al., 2013). The overall customer satisfaction of the customers would not be altered much as the cost of the normal machines hence the customers would delighted with additional features but the budget for the implementation of the machines with the new technology would be much more than that of the actual machines. In addition to this the compa ny is also looking to implement the techniques in the iMac and the MacBook with the touchscreen features in the future. But the officials at the company have indicated that the technologies would not be much of the help for the users of the device. In fact, the 27 inch machines would make in difficult for the users to reach out and access the screen. This would be depreciating the market for the product. This would not be having much of an effect on the market. Hence, the company is looking to upgrade the product so that they have an efficient effect on the market of the product. The market share for the top 3 leaders The top three leaders in the market in the field of the touchscreen desktops are HP, Apple and Microsoft. The leading brand is the Apple Inc. with their Mac Pro computers. They provide the most efficient display features in the market. Hence, the touchscreen features when incorporated with all the display features give the product an exceptional advantage in the market. In addition to this the Surface Studios that are produced by Microsoft also requires special mention. It has been estimated that around 10% of the PCs that are sold would be touch screen desktops and this would till the end of the year 2021. The Windows 2-1 tablets that are sold in Australia already has a 2% increase in the sales of the computer. According to a survey it has been reported that, about 1.64 million tablets have already been sold in 2016 itself and the 2-in-1 computers have accounted for over 27% of the total sales of the computer in the whole world (Kane et al., 2013). Although with this statistics it h as been seen that Apple still has accounted for more than 44% of the sale in the market. In addition to this, it has been noted that there has been a rise in the sale of the windows tablet by 60% in the year 2017. And it has also been stated that, 40% of the people also selected the top brands as their main preferences. In addition to this HP also is not far behind in the market. They have made an impressive progress in the market of the touchscreen desktops. The HP Company have introduced the AIO series of desktops. The All in one product of the HP Company has gain a huge popularity in the market due to their low pricing. The AIO series of HP provides computers at prices lower than that of the Apple or the Windows Company. Conclusion For conclusion it can be said that the report has efficiently provided a case where the touch screen technology is being incorporated with the hardware of the devices. The report provides a brief summary of the case, the main technology of the systems are also discussed. In addition to this, the impact of the technology on the businesses in the future are also discussed. In addition to this, the market share for the top companies in the fields are also discussed in the report. For the leading companies Apple, Microsoft and HP has been selected. In addition to this is has be shown that the touch screen desktops have a steady market and also have an efficient scope for improvement. References Anthony, L., Kim, Y., Findlater, L. (2013, April). Analyzing user-generated youtube videos to understand touchscreen use by people with motor impairments. InProceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems(pp. 1223-1232). ACM. Brasel, S. A., Gips, J. (2014). Tablets, touchscreens, and touchpads: How varying touch interfaces trigger psychological ownership and endowment.Journal of Consumer Psychology,24(2), 226-233. Jiyoung, H. O. N. G., Sekhar, P. C. (2017).U.S. Patent No. 9,535,568. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Kane, S. K., Morris, M. R., Wobbrock, J. O. (2013, October). Touchplates: low-cost tactile overlays for visually impaired touch screen users. InProceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility(p. 22). ACM. Kim, J. H., Aulck, L., Bartha, M. C., Harper, C. A., Johnson, P. W. (2014). Differences in typing forces, muscle activity, comfort, and typing performance among virtual, notebook, and desktop keyboards.Applied ergonomics,45(6), 1406-1413. Kim, S., Son, J., Lee, G., Kim, H., Lee, W. (2013, April). TapBoard: making a touch screen keyboard more touchable. InProceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(pp. 553-562). ACM. Kolias, K., Hahladakis, J. N., Gidarakos, E. (2014). Assessment of toxic metals in waste personal computers.Waste management,34(8), 1480-1487. Neumann, M. M. (2014). An examination of touch screen tablets and emergent literacy in Australian pre-school children.Australian Journal of Education,58(2), 109-122. Piper, A. M., Hollan, J. D. (2013). Supporting medical communication for older patients with a shared touch-screen computer.International journal of medical informatics,82(11), e242-e250. Wirman, H. (2014). Games for/with strangers-Captive orangutan (pongo pygmaeus) touch screen play.Antennae. Wu, H., Kong, D., Ruan, Z., Hsu, P. C., Wang, S., Yu, Z., ... Cui, Y. (2013). A transparent electrode based on a metal nanotrough network.Nature nanotechnology,8(6), 421-425. Young, J. G., Trudeau, M. B., Odell, D., Marinelli, K., Dennerlein, J. T. (2013). Wrist and shoulder posture and muscle activity during touch-screen tablet use: Effects of usage configuration, tablet type, and interacting hand.Work,45(1), 59-71.

Ðhe age of sixteen comes around Essay Example

Еhe age of sixteen comes around Essay Initially, when the age of sixteen comes around, a person chooses to be a licensed driver. This is a responsibility for that person to drive safe. Additionally, a sixteen year old has to obey traffic laws. This is a responsibility because if a sixteen year old does not obey the rules, a negative consequence will happen. A sixteen year old also has to keep a budget for the car. They usually have to keep the car clean and in good repair. In addition, a sixteen year old also has, an important part in society, as he/she is required to pay attention to their driving, as well as those driving around them. This is considered an adult because the person is responsible for the actions that might happen. This is a reason why the sixteen year-old people want to drive. Furthermore, a person at age sixteen can choose to be in school. This is another adult like responsibilities. Since the person can choose to be in school, it has made the person think like an adult. The other issue is that a person can now be more responsible. The reason why most sixteen year olds stay in school is that they want to expand their education. Most sixteen-year-olds know that if they have a better education, they would have a better job that would have a better income. Winston Churchill had a passion to learn and that is why he became the Prime Minister of Great Britain. This is what the reward is when people do well in school. We will write a custom essay sample on Еhe age of sixteen comes around specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Еhe age of sixteen comes around specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Еhe age of sixteen comes around specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Additionally, a sixteen year-old person now also has to start think about career goals in life. Since a sixteen can have part-time jobs, this is crucial for a person that is starting to think about career jobs. A sixteen year-old person also might have to pay income taxes. A sixteen year old has also planned for the post-secondary institution is crucial to getting a high paying job. Most often, a sixteen-year-old person also does not think about relationships yet because they are too young. It also takes up valuables learning time. Albert Einstein started thinking about his career goals when he was sixteen. He went on to becoming very famous. This is a responsibility because people that work nowadays are usually adults. In summary, sixteen year-old people should be considered adults because they can drive, choose to be in school, and when they choose their career goal. Wisdom comes by means of the acknowledgment of responsibilities and not become older.

CA Prop 187 essays

CA Prop 187 essays In 1997, the voters of California passed proposition 187 with a nearly 60% majority. The controversially initiative that would bar illegal immigrants from all state services, was soon attacked by partisan opposition. The legal initiative ended up in the Federal Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, but even before it was debated in court, Governor Gray Davis was already eclipsing the legal process. Aside from the gubernatorial situation, proposition was already a hotly contested issue among the populous. When passed, then governor, Pete Wilson supported the issue, but then Gray Davis was elected and he decided to put his foot in the door. Davis put his attorney general to work to try and settle the lawsuit out of court, and immediately took the position that the proposition was unconstitutional. Not only did Davis set is lawyer forth on the measure, he then proceeded to shortcut the legal process. Davis suggested mediation as an alternative to the suit, creating a forum for the Proposition to be silently killed. Davis seems have almost been pushing the issue away as mediation is a middle of the road path. Mediation will mute the issue to achieve what his constituents in the anti-prosition-187 camp want while leaving those who voted for the proposition with little recourse. What Davis is doing is protecting himself from vocal opposition in the hopes that things will quiet down and he can be re-elected. It is surprising how similarly Davis handled a consumer-rights bill in the fall of 2001 by quietly storing it away. Governor Davis has been contradicting the will of the people of California instead of fostering it. It seems that if Davis subdues proposition 187 the voters have lost. ...

Company Review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Company Review - Research Paper Example A brief analysis of the history of Apple Inc would suggest that the firm has gone through significant challenges due to the competitive nature of the industry. Since Apple produced hardware which can run its own operating system therefore it restricted its marketability. It was mostly because of this reason that Microsoft was successful in gaining almost whole market share when it rolled out its own operating system which can run on any hardware platform. However, Apple made a turn around and expanded itself into different other markets thus gaining widespread success. Its real success came with the introduction of Apple Ipod- an MP3 music player which can play songs and videos besides being handy in storing and viewing pictures. Apple Iphone – the smartphone from Apple is one of the leading smartphones in the world and is even overtaking Nokia- a long time market leader in mobile phones besides giving tough challenge to other firms. It has also recently launched tablet comput er with the name of Apple IPAD which has also proved one of the most innovative and successful products in the industry. This paper will discuss the history of Apple, its products, mission and vision statements besides discussing some of the trends in the industry. History of Apple Apple Inc is one of the leading multinational organizations in the world engaged in the business of consumer electronics, personal computers as well as software. Established in 1976, Apple was started by three individuals however, later on it was managed by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak. Apple Inc was incorporated as Apple Computers and rolled out its first model of computers during 1976. The earliest device manufactured by Apple Computers therefore was a handmade motherboard with a built-in CPU and other accessories considered as basic requirements to perform functions as a computer. (Linzmayer, 1999) The early phase of the firm i.e. its first few decades were dominated by the manufacturing of the compute rs and Apple did not involved itself into the manufacturing of other consumer electronics items. With the change in the personal computer industry and the introduction of DOS and Windows operating systems by Microsoft, Apple started to lose its charm and lost market to Microsoft in operating systems business. Since Microsoft’s operating system could be run on any personal computer therefore it was easy for the firms like IBM to manufacture PCs which could be run through Windows operating system. A closer look at the history of Apple would suggest that it has rolled out different models of its earlier version of Apple 1 and continued to produce new models. During 1977, Apple Computers was able to roll out its second version i.e. Apple 2 overcoming many of the previous technical weaknesses of the first model. During 1980s, due to increasing competition mainly from IBM, Apple rolled out third model of its computer and improving on the previous models by further improving differe nt technical aspects of its earlier computer models. (Coventry, 2006) Apple’s real success came with the introduction of its Apple Mac model during 1984 with extensive marketing efforts by Apple to make it a commercial success. It is also important to note that it was during 1980s that Steve Jobs was forced to leave the company due to its internal power struggle. However, Jobs rejoined the firm as CEO during 1997 and thus Apple’s real stride towards success begun. (MARKOFF, 1997)

GLOBE project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

GLOBE project - Research Paper Example Title: Globe Project - Cultural Dimensions Dimension Japan China Performance Orientation Scores highly on performance orientation. This reflects citizens with high drive for achievement who are likely to derive pleasure from continuous progress, like handling tasks with modest prospect of success since they signify a challenge, seek regular feedback, take individual responsibility for their deeds, look for information on ways of improving performance, and are usually innovative. This country also has a high score. This is related to significance of information, taking personal initiative, spotlight on the future, self-actualization, or self-reliance (autonomy) and planning, being results and task oriented, use of clear, direct and explicit language, and possessing a sense of urgency of accomplishing things. Chinese accord status to other people based on accomplishments and achievement, rather than acknowledgment based on a particular background or superiority of an individual. Uncert ainty Avoidance Uncertainty avoidance is high, reflecting citizens who actively seek to lessen the probability of unpredictable upcoming events that might adversely influence the operation of a society or organization and remedy the achievement of such adverse consequences. This high rank is associated with the use of processes, such as consistent resolution rules to minimize the need to forecast uncertain occasions in the future. Culturally, this society is linked to phenomena as keeping meticulous records, a preference of job security, avoiding ambiguity, documentation, resistance to change, information and feedback seeking, and taking calculated risks. High uncertainty avoidance. This is a sign of a society that consistently seeks orderliness, formalized procedures, consistency, structure, and regulations to tackle important events as well as naturally happening uncertainties in their everyday lives. The society is characterized by aspects of technology, coordination, laws, rules , policies, and rituals used to deal with uncertainty. In-Group Collectivism Japan ranks high on in-group collectivism. It is a representation of great pride in membership to the society, a powerful sense of group identity, and sentimental recognition toward the society. Similarly, china is among the highest ranking cultures in terms of in-group collectivism. This society has strong emphasis on cohesiveness, collaboration and harmony. Power Distance Japan is ranked in higher position. This reflects the society has high degree of acceptance and endorsement to power differences, authority, power differences, and status privileges. The extent to which members of this society anticipate and accepted that power should be shared unevenly is high. Power holders in this society are awarded greater privileges, status, and material incentives than those who lack power. China also has a high rank. This is associated with higher chance of acceptance towards decision-making approaches of persons in charge, capacity to influence, prospect of having sovereign thought and expressing opinions, respect to authority, and use of artifacts as symbols of ranks and titles. Gender Egalitarianism Gender egalitarianism is ranked as low in Japan. The extent to which people value gender egalitarianism in this society is low. People in this society do not value gender Egalitarianism or believe that the gender of a member should determine their responsibility in homes, businesses,

Same Sex Marriages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Same Sex Marriages - Essay Example This paper evaluates how same sex marriages have broken down the general patterns of the family unit. Same Sex Marriages A family is the basic unit of society and it comprises of individuals, related by blood or marriage. Basically family comprises of husband, wife and the children. However, changes in social dynamics such as death, divorce, different sexual preferences and remarriage has created different combinations of families, such as single parent, same sex and blended families. Consequently, the traditional nuclear family is just one of the many types of families in the society. Therefore, the definition of the family has changed and is amorphous, comprising of any group of people living together, protecting each other and supporting one another in life (Wilson 29) From time immemorial, a family, involving the marriage of woman and a man has been an institution that preserves social and cultural values associated with procreation (Wald 383). This implies that a marriage forms the foundation of the values or norms that ensures that human life is transmitted from one generation to the next successfully. In the process, it ensures that the life of the child is nurtured to maturity, inculcating the same values to ensure the perpetuation of the human race. Therefore, it is through heterosexual marriage that the society duly recognizes the association of two individuals charged with the responsibility of transmitting human life, nurturing and protecting it to mature and responsible individuals. It is therefore through institutionalization of heterosexual marriage that the present and future of human race is secured. Hence, heterosexual marriage is the epitome of life and it demonstrates the respect that humanity has for life. Same sex marriage undermines the ability of a relationship to procreate and perpetuate the human race and hence it changes the meaning of a family. In addition, same sex marriage undermines the very essence of the family of withholding an d transmitting family values along the generations. According to Meezan and Rauch (104), marriage entails the recognition of a couple’s relationship and their commitment to one another in the public domain. The recognition of heterosexual marriage in the public domain is intended to enforce the reproductive function of the union to protect and promote the well-being of the resulting family. Therefore, in a convectional society, a marriage is not recognized just because it entails a union of two consenting adults, but for the above-mentioned purposes. The recognition and institutionalization of the same sex marriage is primarily motivated by individualism or egoism of the concerned couples and society at large. It is the epitome of selfishness, where the future of human race is sacrificed at the altar of egoism, contrary to the very essence of family. Ordinarily, a family is founded on the purest form of commitment, love and dedication to each other’s welfare. Selfless sharing of both moral and material resources for the benefit of all people involved without reservation forms the foundation of successful family and humanity (Maria et al 1044). It is apparent that same sex marriage, with all its purported benefit of ensuring all people enjoy their happiness falls short of these fundamental requirements. Giving birth to children, parenting and providing for them until they become independent is one of the many ways that

Five Competitive Forces Defined By Porter

Five Competitive Forces Defined By Porter Porters five forces analysis is an absolutely fundamental technique in strategy. Using this framework to map out environmental forces affecting the FedEx Corporation would result in the discovery of what the main sources of competitive pressure are and how strong each competitive force is in the shipping industry world. This analytical step is essential because we cannot create a successful strategy without in depth understanding of the industrys competitive character. Porters five forces model FedEx Corporation Potential Competitors LOW Existing Rivals HIGH Buyers Power HIGH Suppliers Power LOW Substitute Products LOW prproductspppp The potential entry of new competitors Established companies had managed to effectively raise the barriers to entry bringing it to a high and making it difficult for potential new competitors to enter the market. This is so due to the fact that these companies have taken competitive advantage of cost by achieving large volume of shipment and economies of scale. In addition, there is a high fixed cost associated with entering the International transportation network. For example, fleet of aircraft, ground handling, vehicles etc. Extent of rivalry between established firms There are both local and global competitors in the shipping industry i.e. UPS, FedEx, DHL and TNT. Although these companies competed vigorously for a market share in the industry, FedEx and UPS quickly gained prominence by responding to the changing environment through the use of technological advances. These companies competed by strictly focusing on lower pricing, customer segmentation, quality of service and innovation. This has caused rivalry to be intense among competitors because customers could easily switch to preferred companies with better offers. Bargaining power of buyers The bargaining power of large buyers in the shipping industry is high. This is because buyers can easily switch to larger shipping providers for a lower price and faster service. For example IBM which provides large volume of shipment at a lower price. Bargaining power of suppliers The supplier power within this industry is fairly low. Large shipping service provider can affect prices of supplies by placing better offers on packaging materials. This is because they buy in large quantities and can turn to different suppliers easily. Threat of substitute products There are no substitutes to shipping. In this day and age where many businesses have a strong online presence and a small physical presence, it would be difficult to find a substitute in delivering their product. Shipping services are very much similar to a commodity, in that it is not easily replaced with another service or even a similar service. Porters Value Chain Analysis The use of Porters value chain analysis will help to better understand the activities through which FedEx can develop a competitive advantage and create shareholder value. Inbound logistics The FedEx value chain begins with same day collection of packages. FedEx employees collect the packages from various locations that are convenient to the customers such as businesses or at their homes. Customers can comfortably request pickups via the internet or telephones. Operations After the packages have been picked up, they are transported to one of FedExs regional hubs for onward distribution. A hub is a central location where FedEx employees sort the packages according to their destinations. The packages remain at the hub until they are collected and shipped either by aircraft or truck. Outbound Logistics The efficient distribution of the packages by the aircraft and truck drivers to their various locations are integral to the value of the service. The packages must get to their destinations on time at anyway. Marketing and Sales Support activities such as company infrastructure e.g. truck; aircraft etc provide the enabling environment for the primary activities to function properly. Other important support activities include information systems, which allow customers to place their orders on- line and track their products. Services FedEx further facilitates customer comfort and security during the use of its service by allowing customers to track their packages while on route. Customer service is usually seen as a final primary activity and provides after sales support and service, however, it is an important part of the FedEx process. FedEx over a number of years had improved its core competencies and capabilities through the use of infrastructure, a stronger brand name than rivals and embracing new technology. Infrastructure FedEx realized that by acquiring its own transportation fleet e.g. regional hubs, trucks and aircraft would set them apart from its competitors. By doing this, the company had managed to achieve over one billion dollars on revenues making it difficult for potential and existing competitors to imitate since it took a lot of capital needed to compete with this company. Brand Name FedEx brand name was considered to be one of its greatest assets; the name had placed an image of reliable service and fast delivery in the mind of its customers. This had also made it difficult for other entrants in the market to compete because FedEx had a lot of trucks and aircraft to back them up. Innovation and New Technology Technological breakthrough and application of innovation promoted significant advances for customer ordering, package tracking and process monitoring. Example FedEx was the first company in the shipping industry to introduce the use of new technology that allows millions of people to connect via the World Wide Web through its website www.fedex.com. FedEx had also made it possible for people to track their package at the point of picking up to the stage of the delivery. Finally FedEx had built a small warehouse in Memphis. This was it first attempt at multi- client warehousing where customers can call up and place an order and the said order will be picked up on the same day.

Can One Believe Simultaneously In God And The Big Bang? Essay -- essay

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Where are the boundaries of our mind and soul? Is there a point beyond which we cannot look anymore, where our sights become dim and vaguely disappear in the forever darkness and quietness of eternity? Has our limited knowledge and, at the same time, undeniable need to be able to explain everything, become so obvious and intense that we have to have the answer to every question out there? Religion sometimes may present the answer to our questions, but can one sincerely search for our beginnings by strictly following His word?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anyone who has ever gazed at the bright summer sky at night, even just for a while, can’t help not to ask himself – Where do we come from? How did all this happen? Who did this and why? Those are the essential questions to which no one up to this date knows the answer. Curiosity of our nature has launched us to the skies in search for those answers. Countless hours of sitting behind the telescopes around the world lurking for that one signal they need to reveal the grand secret and take a peek into those very first seconds of creation - what is known as the Big Bang. Nowadays there is well established idea that whole universe as we know it became from one little tiny spot and in the split of a second it inflated to enormous size and it keeps expanding ever since. How do you explain that to someone who has been raised whole his life in a belief that there is a God up there beyond the sky and th...

The history of health care

Going back hundreds of years, we can trace the history of health care. Although it has evolved over the years, it all has a common goal; to heal those who are ill. Technology is one of the major evolutions and now plays a big role in the health care system. It helps patients to be more involved with their healthcare. They can make appointments, follow up on test results, and contact their doctors. Back then, they didn’t even have all the medicine we have now, let alone the technology. We can only imagine what is in store for the future. Health care involves so many different fields and so many different people; it is hard not to get interested in it. One thing that especially interests me is how much diseases and the treatment of them have changed. In the earlier centuries, epidemics like cholera and smallpox were sweeping across countries; now they are rarely heard of. Just over the course of about a hundred years, and most of the diseases that were killing thousands of people are now extinct. Another common killer back then could be something as simple as eating bad food. They did not have means of safeguarding food, so things like beef were not monitored. It is amazing to see how far they have come in advancing healthcare. There are many aspects of health care that intrigue me. I’ve always wanted to be a nurse; unfortunately it is very difficult to get into the program. However, if I ever go back to do that, I would want to either do labor and delivery or pediatrics. I have had the privilege of witnessing the birth of one of my nieces and it was the most amazing experience. To be a nurse and being a part of that on a daily basis would be awesome. I also have an extra soft spot for children, which is why pediatrics would also be of interest to me. Life threatening diseases do not only affect adults. I feel that being able to help children would only be helping our future. Since healthcare varies all around the world as far as quality and technology, it is safe to say that there are some positive and negatives based on the demographics. For example, those living in the United States are quite lucky as a whole; we have fairly advanced technology as far as surgery and medicine go. Our hospitals are good, and the doctors are well trained. It is less likely that wide spread epidemics will happen here because of the strict regulations on food and other important factors. Also, since we are modernized, we don’t have to really â€Å"rough it† like some do in third world countries. However, if we narrow it down a lot farther we will discover that there are negatives as well. People in more poverty stricken areas are more likely to have a not so nice hospital and probably not the best doctors. Different parts of the world will also have a different quality care just based on the resources available to them. Many people come to the US just for medical procedures that cannot be done in their country. In my opinion, age also plays a part in healthcare. It almost seems as though the older you get, the less they seem to care. I am not sure if it’s because they figure you are already on your way out and not worth the effort, but based on what I have seen with my grandparents, their quality of care is quite lower. There are many resources available to find more information on the history of health care. I believe the most common would be the internet. Since it has so many options available with just a click of the mouse, it is also the fastest. However, one should be careful about credibility on the internet. Medical journals or government sites are more likely to be accurate, rather than a blog or other online opinionated websites. Another way to do research would be the good old way, a printed resource. Although they are rarely used, medical journals or newspapers from a local library could be another way to get the information you would require about healthcare. Healthcare has changed in many ways, mostly for the good. Patients are more involved with their medical care. The use of the internet is becoming more prevalent, and does not show signs of slowing down. Medicine is evolving for the better and cures for many diseases may soon be on the horizon. With so many things happening at once we cannot forget where it all started and how it will evolve from now. The history of healthcare plays a role in all of this, if not only to remind us where it all began.

5 Things Nobody Tells You About Query Letters

5 Things Nobody Tells You About Query Letters In this video, we discuss five things about writing query letters that nobody tells you.Now that youve written a book or an article and you want to get it published. But how do you make that happen?First, dont mention money or payment. The purpose of a query letter is to request that an agent, publisher or editor consider your writing to be included in their publication. Just like you wouldnt ask a prospective employer exactly how much they are going to pay you before you discuss your qualifications, neither should you inquire about payment when writing your query letter.Second, keep it under a page (single-spaced) and half a page is better. Remember the simple point of writing a query letter is to let to the publisher or editor know what you have written and why they should want to read it.Third, mention publishing credits or writers awards, but only if they are significant. If your only publishing credential is a guest post on your best friends blog, its best to leave that off of t he query letter- unless your best friends blog has thousands of readers.Fourth, make it personal and tell the reader why youve sent it to him or her specifically. The best way to find publications that cater to a niche audience is to look through the publications website- particularly the about and media kit sections. This research on your end will give you details concerning the publications audience, reach, goals, and vision.Fifth, if you have a regular writing platform or social media account focused on your writing, mention it briefly, along with a link and stats related to your audience. The reason for doing this is very simple: publishers (or agents or editors) understand that an audience is an important thing. For them, audience numbers and statistics translate into dollar signs. Its just that simple.Remember- you only get one chance to make a great first impression. So do your research and make it count.

Scarlett Letter Essay

Scarlett Letter Essay Scarlett Letter Essay Feminist of Her Time The time period that The Scarlett Letter was based off of was the mid 17th century. During this time period in England the religion was based out of the Church of England. This religion had stemmed off of the Roman Catholic Church which had been developed some 200 years earlier. However, many of the Catholic Church practices were not followed through on in the Church of England. Some of these practices included the emphasis on works and the veneration of the saints. This story begins with a group called the Puritans which was a stem from the Church of England. The Puritans had come to the New World and based their religion off of Calvinism. These Protestant Christians believed in predestination which meant that before a person was even born God had chosen their fate. Nathaniel Hawthorne begins his story in the town of Boston, Massachusetts. A religious community of Puritans has formed where they have a peaceful place to separate sin out of their daily lives. Hest er Prynne, Hawthorne's main character, was developed as a feminist in this story. She was one of the first literary feminists that was able to gain fame in the judgemental time period of the The Scarlett Letter. Hawthorne sets Hester up as a very independent woman from the very beginning when the reader finds her taking accountability for her actions. She is described as a very vibrant character who is secure in the decisions she had made. "Those who had before known her, and had expected to behold her dimmed and obscured by a disastrous cloud, were astonished, and even startled, to perceive how her beauty shone out, and made a halo of the misfortune and ignominy in which she was enveloped" (Hawthorne, 53). This is one of the very first examples of how the townspeople view Hester when she first steps out holding her new born child. This passage shows Hester to be a strong young woman that does not stand in front of her fellow townspeople as a person filled with shame but rather a p erson who will admit to what she has done and do it in a very dignified way. A few pages later Hawthorne clearly exemplifies Hester as an independent woman when she refuses to admit to who the father of her child is. Hester not only is willing to accept her punishment but holds her strong character by accepting the punishment on her own as if it were an act done completely by herself. Hester could be compared to any modern feminist by her brave decisions and her admirable actions. She shows to be a very tempered woman when she is forced to abide the laws made by the male authority of that society. As shown in the first chapter Hester refuses to let her shame or guilt show through in a society that had developed a woman's role as a role solely for procreation. Even though she has gone through such traumatic events, she refuses to let them affect the life of her daughter. "Of an impulsive and passionate nature, she had fortified herself to encounter the stings and venomous stabs of pu blic contumely, wreaking itself in every variety of insult. She longed rather to behold all those rigid countenances contorted with scornful merriment, and herself the object" (Hawthorne, 56). Hester Prynne is not defined by the opinion of the people around her but by her opinion of herself. This is another example of how Hester may be viewed as a feminist due to her passion to follow her own rules and live her life the way she chooses to. She refuses to conform to society and simply be a pretty face to look at. Following Hester's independence at the stand, she could also easily be compared to a modern feminist by her act of rebellion. She had been forced to wear the letter "A" on her chest which stood for her sin of adultery. This sin is meant to be looked at as a dark and dreary sin which Hester should never forget. Hester decides to embroider her "A" with a scarlett red color with gold thread. "On the breast of her gown, in fine red cloth, surrounded with an elaborate

Food Safety - Chemical, Microbiology, etc Term Paper

Food Safety - Chemical, Microbiology, etc - Term Paper Example In the wake of the salmonella outbreak, many companies withdrew their peanut butter products from the market. Nearly seventy companies recalled 125 peanut butter products. A large number of adults and children had fallen ill, after consuming the King Nut brand peanut butter. Tests conducted by the CDC and other state health institutions have confirmed traces of salmonella in the peanut butter, manufactured by the King Nut company. This brand is supplied in large containers to organizations, such as nursing homes, schools, and hospitals. However, consumption of peanut butter products of other companies that were sold to customers in retail outlets or grocery stores did not contain salmonella. The contaminated peanut butter was not sold directly to the consumers. It was supplied to food service providers in the States of Ohio, Michigan, North Dakota, Minnesota, Arizona, Idaho, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Florida. It was then redistributed to retail sellers. According to the Minnesota Department of Health, traces of salmonella bacteria were found in a container of King Nut brand peanut butter. This came to light on account of preliminary laboratory tests conducted on samples of peanut butter. The E. coli outbreak of 1993 had claimed the lives of three children in Western Washington. In January and February of that year, these children had consumed meat contaminated with the E. coli bacteria. This outbreak also caused 450 people to fall ill; in addition, a few others were rendered ill after being exposed to people who had been infected with these bacteria. Finally, the cause of this infection was traced to the undercooked meat served in the Jack in the Box Restaurants. Acylamide is a carcinogen and neurotoxin that is formed in a number of food products.

Graduate Labour Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Graduate Labour Market - Essay Example As the report declares in its effort to improve and modernise public services, UK government has created more job opportunities for graduates. Some of the sectors that depict an increase in the rate of employment include public administration, health and education, construction as well as business and finance. It is important to note that the UK economic and political developments have made the region to be one of the countries that have the lowest rates of unemployment in Europe. According to Association of Graduate Recruiters (AGR), approximately 30% of the UK graduates are highly demanded in foreign countries including European region based on the extensive training undertaken by universities. This paper declares that the manager oversees the implementation of effective use of internet as a way of promoting and advertising of the products. Other vital duties of the manager includes evaluation and tracking of online marketing strategies, identifying new online marketing tactics as well as collaborating with personnel who are responsible for developing websites. Due to the stiff competition in the international market, companies in UK and abroad are emulating e-marketing in order to attain a competitive edge. This means that there exist more job opportunities for students who choose Online Marketing Manager as their future career. Individuals intending to become online marketing managers should posses a degree in marketing and have some experience of internet marketing. In addition, it is essential for one to have a good knowledge of English language and proper communication skills (Laermer, 2007). Communication skills are vital since the marketing managers should have adequ ate knowledge on how to address the needs of their clients. Depending with the size of an organization an Online Marketing Manager should be at least 23 years old and with an experience of 3- 4 years in a marketing department. Even though most of the marketing

The View on American Revolution through Correspondence of that Times Essay - 1

The View on American Revolution through Correspondence of that Times - Essay Example Benjamin Franklin was so interested in politics and science besides editing and publishing Pennsylvanian gazette where he liked poor Richard’s Almanack, which was the best manual seller by then. Benjamin did so well and retired from his business of printing at the young age of 40 years. Franklin directed all his writings to the public at large except on occasions when he sent correspondence to Mrs. King, by covering critical areas of finance and people at work. The contention was to fully part of Richard’s principles by standing alone in decision making without coercion from a third party. All his teachings were scripted around 1757 in his book titled the way to wealth. In 1776-1783 Abigail and John Adams appreciated the need to rectify the gender inequities which were inherent in law, politics, and society. Purposely, these were pertinent matters in reconstituting government to reflect gender sensitivity. They also maintained capacious correspondences with some other people, for instance, their friends such as Mercy Otis, Joseph Warren, and many others. Abigail also talked about the history of revolution and other priorities of women in the society. Adams and other female patriots took additional snag to sustain family ranches and making business running. Th rough reading the collections titled â€Å"family letters on revolutionary matters†, the justification will be realized in the stability of government in sustaining the colony (Pinckney, p 52-64). The article was at a time when Americans were undergoing heavy social and political development. It typically outlines the difficult period as evidenced by the adversity writers underwent. American Revolution came as a result of a chain political and social intellectual change in government which was cooperatively referred as the; American enlightenment. During this time, the British released invasion armies together with there commanding navy to desolate the coast.  

Consider the impact Essay Example for Free

Consider the impact Essay In the poem Afternoons by Philip Larkin the closing lines are an effective conclusion top the poem as a whole. The closing lines conclude the fact that young mothers are being repressed by society and that they are being forced into a dull joyless life. Afternoons is based around young mothers looking after their children. The pressures of society have forced them into marrying young and having children. Due to this they have lost all the joy in their lives and are settling down into a dull meaningless life. The closing lines of afternoons state that Something is pushing them To the side of their own lives This effectively concludes the poem as it refers closely to the poems main theme which is developed throughout the poem. The last lines sum up the fact that the pressures of society have forced the mothers into the dull lives that they are currently living. The idea that the young mothers have lost their lives is developed through the whole of the poem. It is effectively introduced in the opening lines of the poem where the poet states Summer is fading Leaves fall in ones and twos, from Trees bordering the recreation ground Summer is a metaphor for the lives of the young mothers which are fading away. Summer is the high point in the mothers lives which is quickly becoming merely a memory. The leaves are symbolic of the mothers. They have lost all colour and vitality in their lives and are fading away just like a leaf when it falls off a tree. The idea that the mothers are living a dull life is continued when the poet says In the hollows of afternoons Young mothers assemble At swing and Sandpit Setting free their children The fact that the afternoons are hollow to the mothers tells us how empty their lives have become. The word Assemble suggests that the young mothers dont enjoy what they are doing. Taking their children to the play park is a chore to the mothers and they have little joy doing so. The fact that they are setting free their children shows us that they are focusing entirely on them. They are not wanting the childrens lives to turn out like theirs did. They are giving them some joy in their lives. The idea that the mothers are expected to look after their children is clarified when the poet says Behind them at intervals Stand husbands in skilled trades The fact that their husbands are standing behind them tells us that they are not wanting to get involved with the children. The husbands are leaving the job of looking after their children on the mothers. The husbands expect the young mothers to look after the children entirely on their own. The play is set in the 60s in a time where young mothers were expected to devote all their attention to their husbands and children and forget about themselves. Society expected this of them and so do the husbands. The fact that the husbands are in skilled trades highlights that they themselves live relatively interesting lives. This is in sharp contrast to the dull, joyless lives that their wives have and helps emphasise the powers of the expectations of society. The main point that the mothers lives have changed is further shown when the poet says that the albums labelled Our Wedding are lying near the television . The juxtaposition between the wedding albums, symbolising the best day of the mothers lives and the fact that they are lying near the television symbolising passiveness and routine helps emphasise the extent in which the young mothers lives have changed. Their lives have clearly gone downhill form the wedding day and they are stuck in their boring, monotonous lives with little hope of things changing. The theme that the young womens lives have changed for the worse is finalised when the poet says Before them the wind is ruining their courting places, that are still courting places but the lovers are all in school The wind is symbolic of a force for change which in this case is the pressures of society. The fact that the courting places have been ruined helps highlight how the mothers lives have changed in a relatively short time. The idea that they are still occupied helps show the cycle within the era of women leaving school marrying and having children at as young age. This helps highlight the pressure of society that are forever bearing. The children are following the same path that the young mothers led and will soon turn out just like them. As you can clearly see the final lines something is pushing them to the side of their own lives is a very effective conclusion to the passage as a whole. The closing lines help clarify that the main reason for the mothers unhappiness is due to the expectation of society that have forced them into marrying young and having a family. The main ideas of the poem are effectively conveyed throughout and are very effectively concluded with the ending lines.

Adam Bede Example Of Literary Realism English Literature Essay

Adam Bede Example Of Literary Realism English Literature Essay Adam Bede is written by George Eliot, whose real name was Mary Ann Evans, and it was published in 1859. It was published with a pseudonymous, even if she was a well published and highly respected scholar of that period. The novel has remained in print from that time and is used in university studies of 19th century English Literature.  [1]  When we talk about realism, we mean the mode of writing that gives the impression of recording or reflectingfaithfully an actual way of life. The term refers, most of the times confusingly, both to a literary method and to a more general attitude. But what it interests us here, is the literary method which is based on detailed accuracy of description (i.e. Verisimilitude- which is very important in this period).  [2]   Adam Bede is believed that it is one of the best examples of literary realism in England and English literature. Realism, as we said above, has to do with recording the life exactly as it is. So, writers do not have to imagine characters and plots that could fit in the real world. Furthermore, realists (and here George Eliot) focus more on the characters than on the plot. Aslo, realist literature appeared in England in 1840 and remained for about fifty years. It had many differences from the previous movement, Romanticism, and people in the beginning found it difficult to deal with the new idea of Realism and its meaning. In Adam Bede George Eliot creates the false illusion of a steady and immemorial rural world. We can say that it is a realistic novel, first of all, because of the manifesto on realism in Chapter 17 and because of the plentifully observed details, which are really important in a realist novel. It also charts the consequences of moral action. The world of Adam Bede is immemorial and the village that George Eliot had chosen for her book is really very difficult to change, rather than a city, and many of the conditions of change would come from the outside (e.g. From cities). If fiction has to have the kind of validity that implied by the scientific word experiment, as a means of discovering what really would happen in certain circumstances and not what one might wish to happen, the novelists imagination must at least be as rigorously disciplined as the scientists observation. So, George Eliot must first of all, establish that the world in which the events of the novel take place, really is the world in which we live in, governed by the same natural laws that govern human existence in the world we know. If she did not convince us of this, we could hardly take her findings seriously. And we can recognize in a novel, the real world we live in à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ as we recognize people and places we know à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ not so much by their measurable extent of problems as by a whole range of variable impressions that we are often hardly aware of noticing.  [3]   The first requirment for a true fiction is the hard presence of a recognizably real world, and as we can see in many points George Eliot supplies it throught the novel. For example, when she describes the workshop of carpenter (Adams wprkshop), she tries to give us the sense of how difficult it is this work, by the use of details and descriptions. Also, in the description of the dairy in which Hetty Sorrel makes butter, we have a symphony in colours and textures. These details, make us feel like we watch the whole scene and smell the fresh butter. Adam Bede offers the radical contrast of a world shaped through and through by moral judgement and moral evaluation. Technique is that which selects among the multitude of possible qualities, organizes them in the finite world of the novel, and holds them in a shape that can catch the light of our own awareness, which without shapes to fall upon, is ignorant. Technique is like the convex or concave surface of the spoon, and the different turnings ans inclinations to which it is liable. Technique lengthens or foreshortens, and while the rudimentary relationships of common experience remain still recognizable, it reveals astonishing bulges of significance, magnifies certain parts of the anatomy of life, of whose potentialities we had perhaps not been aware, humbles others. So, the massively slow movement of Adam Bede is one such shape making technique. It is true that we are generally persuaded of the actual slow movement of rural life, and it is rural life à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ the life of villagers, tenant farmers à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ that George Eliot describes.  [4]   Actually, as we can see up to now, George Eliot uses many descriptions, many images and many details in order to succeed her purpose: to write a realistic novel. She also uses facts from common people who live in the country-side and they are much more sensitive to the changes of life. Of course George Eliot has done very well her job and we continue. Ian Adams article, The Structure of Realisms in Adam Bede mentions these: Whatever traps for the unwary lie in the term realism, few would quarrel over its appropriateness for Adam Bede. The characters in the novel are ordinary in either social class or native endowment and frequently in both, its tragic action grows out of a commonplace seduction, and its setting is humble and representatively agrarian. Perhaps, even more important is the treatment of these subjects: there is a high degree of consistency and historical accuracy in details of time and place, the background is richly and minutely crowded with particulars, and the account of characters motives always stresses ordinary causes, rationally explicable. He also mention that: The distinction between realism of subject and realism of procedure is an important one. Both kinds of realism exist in Adam Bede, as they do in most realistic novels, detailed presentation tending to go hand in hand with the selection of commonplace an d usually unfamiliar and unconventional subject. Realism of subject in the novel has perhaps had the most thorough treatment, particularly in discussion of the rustic background and the unheroic nature of the central characters. Ian Adam believes that Adam Bede is really a realist novel.  [5]   Another key of the realistic novel of Adam Bede is the description of the natural beauty of Englishs countryside, especially in scenes of sadness or evil. For example, when Hetty tries to find Captain Donnithorne, the countryside is very luxurious and the day is beautiful . Many people would think that this appearance of the day, represents also the beauty of Hetty; the outside,but also the outside beauty. But George Eliot here, tries to mislead us and she encourages us to look beyond the surface of people and things to their deeper characteristics. So, Eliot as we can see, tries to pass to the readers some messages about the people in the real life and she wants to make her readers more conscious. In Adam Bede George Eliot also tries to represent the life of the 19th century in England and especially in the countryside. As we can see from the novel, people faced many difficulties and the community was pretty strict. Even if some people were good some times they had to become evil and face the real life and the problems. George Eliot was also very careful about the use of language. She used the every-day language of that period in order to make the novel more persuasive about it realistic style. An example of the difficulties that people faced in the society of 19th century is the life of Adam. Adam is a hard man who learns, first through the death of his father and then through the suffering of an inferior being whom he loves, sympathy towards weakness. But what the idea of Adam represents in ones mind is not such a development, but something much more static. What it remains to the readers about him, are the qualities that he has from the first, summed up in his words to Arthur. (Ive seen pretty clear, ever since I could cast up a sum, as you can never do whats wrong without breeding sin and trouble more than you can ever see (Chapter 16) ). As we can see, Adam is a massive representation of the central Eliotic belief, but his dramatic existence, his learning through suffering, even his suffering itself, are by comparison notional.  [6]   As it mentioned in many books, the story of Adam Bede was actually the representation of the real life of George Eliot. In the beginning when people learned about that were a bit confused and afraid. It was pretty hard for them to believe that everything or pretty everything that was written in Adam Bede was in reality the life of George Eliot. This clue, could show us why the novel had so many details and descriptions. Also, because at first, the book was published anonymously, most of the readers believed that it was written by a man. Finally, to sum up, we could say that Adam Bede is one of the first realist book in England. It represents reality in many different ways, using many descriptions, a lot of details,use of everyday language, representations of landscapes full of colours and smell. Using the right methods and techniques George Eliot managed to write a realist novel which flurried not only because it was the story of the real life of George Eliot, but also because it was from the first novels with a realist context and it was pretty difficult for the readers of that period to understand it and understand its meaning. Unfortunately, there were many who fight George Eliot and Adam Bede but when the years pasted, they understood the value of this novel and they used it also in university studies. Only from this decision we can see how important was this novel for English Literature and more specific, about the Realist Literature of England.

Jamaica Kincaids essay On Seeing England for the first Time

Jamaica Kincaid's essay On Seeing England for the first Time "It's shit being Scottish! We're the scum of the fucking earth! Some people hate the English. I don't. They're just wankers. We're the ones what were colonised by wankers. We couldn't even pick a decent bunch of people to be colonised by." -Irvine Welsh, Trainspotting The cultural ties to empire are not so easy to efface as the political ones. This is perhaps one of the most important lessons the world has learned from the mass movement towards independence on the part of European colonies in the past half-century. Even we Americans, more than two hundred years after having rejected the British monarchy and all it stands for, are forever poking our noses in the supermarket tabloids to find out what crisis either Diana or Fergie is embroiled in this week. Have we progressed so little? Don't we owe it to ourselves to pay our own culture the tribute which is its due? This is one of the many questions that Jamaica Kincaid's essay, "On Seeing England for the first Time," raises. Being a "colonial" herself, she is forever being forced to question where her cultural loyalty should lie. Is she first and foremost an Englishwoman? An African? An Antiguan? Kincaid's essay is an attempt to come to terms with her own identity by exploring the influence of a colonial culture on her daily life as a child as well as on her education. She inundates the reader with "English images," just as she was once inundated with them as a schoolgirl. We sicken of the surfeit of imagery just as she must have when every waking moment, an image of England somehow wormed its way into her consciousness. "Made in England . . . those three words . . . ran through every part of my life, no... ...e United States for some years, she has maintained her Antiguan citizenship. Her writings, including "On Seeing England for the First Time," are all examinations of her own past and her cultural identity. Even though she has left her island home, she is actively engaged in a struggle to achieve a synthesis of what is English and what is African in her origins. Through her writings, Kincaid attempts to assert her present self-an Antiguan woman-and all that her present self signifies. Perhaps such a synthesis-or even just the struggle for it-is the best that any of us can hope for. Works Cited Gordimer, Nadine. "Where Do Whites Fit In?" Hoy and DiYanni. 292-298. Hoy, Pat C. II and Robert DiYanni, eds. Encounters: Readings and the World. 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997. Kincaid, Jamaica. "On Seeing England for the First Time." Hoy and DiYanni. 351-360. Jamaica Kincaid's essay On Seeing England for the first Time Jamaica Kincaid's essay On Seeing England for the first Time "It's shit being Scottish! We're the scum of the fucking earth! Some people hate the English. I don't. They're just wankers. We're the ones what were colonised by wankers. We couldn't even pick a decent bunch of people to be colonised by." -Irvine Welsh, Trainspotting The cultural ties to empire are not so easy to efface as the political ones. This is perhaps one of the most important lessons the world has learned from the mass movement towards independence on the part of European colonies in the past half-century. Even we Americans, more than two hundred years after having rejected the British monarchy and all it stands for, are forever poking our noses in the supermarket tabloids to find out what crisis either Diana or Fergie is embroiled in this week. Have we progressed so little? Don't we owe it to ourselves to pay our own culture the tribute which is its due? This is one of the many questions that Jamaica Kincaid's essay, "On Seeing England for the first Time," raises. Being a "colonial" herself, she is forever being forced to question where her cultural loyalty should lie. Is she first and foremost an Englishwoman? An African? An Antiguan? Kincaid's essay is an attempt to come to terms with her own identity by exploring the influence of a colonial culture on her daily life as a child as well as on her education. She inundates the reader with "English images," just as she was once inundated with them as a schoolgirl. We sicken of the surfeit of imagery just as she must have when every waking moment, an image of England somehow wormed its way into her consciousness. "Made in England . . . those three words . . . ran through every part of my life, no... ...e United States for some years, she has maintained her Antiguan citizenship. Her writings, including "On Seeing England for the First Time," are all examinations of her own past and her cultural identity. Even though she has left her island home, she is actively engaged in a struggle to achieve a synthesis of what is English and what is African in her origins. Through her writings, Kincaid attempts to assert her present self-an Antiguan woman-and all that her present self signifies. Perhaps such a synthesis-or even just the struggle for it-is the best that any of us can hope for. Works Cited Gordimer, Nadine. "Where Do Whites Fit In?" Hoy and DiYanni. 292-298. Hoy, Pat C. II and Robert DiYanni, eds. Encounters: Readings and the World. 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997. Kincaid, Jamaica. "On Seeing England for the First Time." Hoy and DiYanni. 351-360.

Mao’s domestic policies Essay

Essay Question: To what extend do you consider Mao’s domestic policies more successful than his foreign policies? Between the years 1949 and 1976 China was in a faze of changes, which varied in good and bad, the way roller coasters vary in ups and downs. Mao Zedong was the Chairman during those years whom one could make responsible for numerous successes and failures in China. His domestic and foreign policies were the causes of millions of deaths, economic highs and lows, unhappy peasants and many more factors which harmed and helped China to build up and backwards after feudalism had been removed from China. The Five Year Plan, which was a duplicate of the plan that Russia used to overcome the countries misery, took place between 1952 and 1956 and was a success for entire China. The Hundred Flowers Campaign, which Mao started in 1957, is known to be one of his greatest failures and resulted in chaos, along with the collectivisation plan in the late 1950’s and early 1960’s and the Great Leap Forward Mao failed to help his country. As he supported the Korean War in the 1950’s Chinas budget decreased my thousand of millions of Yuan. This foreign policy was a disaster for China and even though several domestic policies were introduced, none of them could really keep China and it’s masses in population contend. Due to the support China had provided Korea with many more people died. If Korean had not been supported by Chinas budget, then one could argue that not as many people would have been killed the Korean War. Maybe the number of deaths could have been reduced to half a million or so, one can only speculate, yet it is clear that this foreign policy did not do any good, but much more harm. It did not only destroy human lives, it also harassed the Chinese budget and as a result made China very weak. PRC Expenditure in Percentages of Total Budget: As is shown on the table in 1950 the percent of money which was taken away from the budget is 41,5 %. This is almost half of the entire Chinese budget. Most of this money supported the Korean War and helped Korean to defend itself. By 1957 this percentile had gone down, but all most every other one went up. For an example 51,4 % of the Chinese budget was being used to support the economic development. This is a vast amount of money needed to support the economic development of a country. Even though this foreign policy supported Korean, it was and opposition for the donator, China. The Five Year Plan can be viewed purely as a success. Mao was impressed with what Lenin had accomplished with it and decided to do the same. Mao and the PRC, People Republic of China, build up the same Five Year Plan as Russia and succeeded. The National Resources Committee, NRC, had already taken care of several industrial ideas, which Mao had, and they were also the ones who had total control over the industrial investment sections. During the Five Year Plan a significant amount of migration took place. Families moved from the countryside into the large cities to find jobs at factories. One major factor that makes the Five Year Plan a success is of the inflation, from which China had been suffering for many years, which Mao achieved to decrease. It dropped from over 1,000 percent to nearly 15 percent and was a result of a raise of taxes and a change of the Chinese currency from the Chinese Dollar to the Yuan. Not only did the PRC want to focus on the production of steel, coal and petrol-chemicals, but also on transportations such as the Chinese automobile. An event, which is a perfect example to demonstrate the successes of the Five Year Plan would be the construction of a road and railway bridge, which crossed the Yangzi River, which can be seen as a contribution to the modernization of China. By 1952 the PRC had introduced their goals of what they wanted to achieve during the Five Year Plan. Their targets were to produce at least 555,000 bicycles by 1957, yet instead they produced more than 1,740,000. Also, they planned on manufacturing 4,000 trucks, but they achieved to produce more than 7,500. However magnificent this all sounds and how proud China must have been, if Russia had not helped China to industrialize, they would have never been able to compare themselves with the Soviet Union after their Five Year Plan had Worked so well. Meaning, China was not as successful as Russia had been, because China got the Soviet Unions support, whereas Russia made it on their own two feet. However, one should give credit to Mao for the Five Year Plan, because this was one of his only successful domestic policies and it gave China a better economic position in the world. The Hundred Flowers Campaign, which was a domestic policy, introduced in 1956, was probably Mao’s greatest Failure during has dictatorship. When Mao became the Chairman in 1949 he strict freedom of speech policies, since he did not welcome any other political opinions other than those of communism. In 1956, Mao Zedong decided it was time to allow people in China to speak their minds free from fear of persecution by the government. Mao wanted to encourage free speech and healthy arguments. This was introduced with the phrase â€Å"let a hundred flowers bloom.† With this he wanted allow the expression of diverse ideas. Mao colleagues to stop this policy, due to the fact that Stalin had lost power in Poland and Hungry through this policy. However, he pressured boldly forward. After some time thing got out of hand and Mao replaced it with the ‘anti-rightist’ operation. Mao sent intellectuals, layers and even teacher to the countryside, had them humiliated publicly, or let them be assassinated. The Hundred Flowers Campaign was a disaster. Thousands were killed because they had their own opinion and expressed it freely, just the way Mao had provoked. When Mao said: â€Å"It is only by using discussion, criticism and reasoning that we can really foster correct ideas, overcome wrong ideas and really settle issues.† and then killed the majority of those who obeyed his new policy, one must ask oneself, what he really intended with this. One could argue that Mao did not create the Hundred Flower Campaign to get feed-back and criticism so that he can improve the countries situation, it is thought that Mao introduced the Campaign to find those who had something to say against him and his ideas in a quicker and more efficient way than before. In conclusion, Mao became more powerful, however, be betrayed his own country. This is how one can see where his domestic policies were much less successful than his foreign ones. With his foreign policy mention earlier, he provoked death due to a war, whereas in his domestic policies he provoked death due to his own ignorance and utter ruthlessness. Once one has made one mistake, it seems as though one has released a chain of reactions. At least this is the case for Mao, because his next mistake was not far from his last one. The Great Leap Forward, which took place in 1958-1962, was a hardship on the peasants. Even though China had modernized and industrialized there were still many problems to come. Although Mao stood upright for equal treatment of all humans and even though Mao and his family were peasants, he set up a list of strict rules for the peasants to obey. This was a result of the following. Mao realized that not enough food was being produced and brought to the cities, because of the migration that took place in the Five Year Plan. Too much of the population was now working in the factories and the economic planner concluded that this was the fault of the peasants. Since the peasant families were increasing rapidly each month, too much grain was going to the individual families, and thus, Mao decided to put the peasants under strict central control and direction. During the great peasant revolution Mao had given the serfs freedom and the land that once belonged to the landowners now belonged to them. However, the Collectivisation Plan changed everything. Now the peasants were not working for themselves anymore, but for the government, to prevent another shortage of grain in the cities. China’s agricultural land was split into 70,000 communes, each consisting of 750,000 brigades, each made up of 200 households. The setting of prices, distribution of products, farming methods and the sales were all controlled by the PRC. Since the targets of grain production of the government were so high, there was not much grain left for the people. Hunger and death was well known during that time, and millions had died of starvation. Alone in Tibet 20% of the population had starved to death. The main problem of this crisis was that nobody told Mao about these happenings, because they were all afraid to undergo the same destiny as all the others who told him the bad news. However, one man did find the courage after all and open his heart to Mao. Mr. Peng Dehuai was the minister of defence, and decided to let Chairman know about the disasters that were going on. He was dismissed and sent to the countryside. By now nearly all of China was afraid to say anything against or even to him. The Collectivisation system pulled China down more than ever. In 1958 200 million tons of grain were being produced, but in 1962 less than 160 million tons were produced. A similar thing happened to the meat production. In 19584,3 million tons of meat were being manufactured and by 1968 only 1,9 tons were being produced. Mao’s plan had once again not worked. Almost thirty million people died in China from his domestic policies, however, his foreign policies did not cause such harsh consequences for anyone. One must look at the success of the domestic and foreign policies from three different perspectives. One, the Chinese citizens perspective during Mao’s dictatorship, two, Mao’s own viewpoint, and three, the perception of the success of today’s people. The Chinese people of that time lived the changes, the success and most of all the failures. Like in many situations, the negative things were paid more attention, due to the harsher memories, which are well in mind. The people suffered, lost family members and were tortured mentally and physically. Even though Mao became like a God for them after the â€Å"Little Red Book† was published in May 1964. It was a book of quotations from Mao and was there to give the Chinese citizens a better view of what he was doing. Mao was feared and therefore obeyed. From Mao’s point of view, things seemed to be going great because be barely received feedback from his colleagues, because they were too afraid of him as well. The fear, which developed through out the years came from the punishment that people had to undergo. The rumours of what was happening did not even have to go around the country; the majority of the people saw the humiliations and various other punishments with their own eyes. Anyhow, Mao was partially not informed about the millions of deaths that were occurring, therefore he was probably satisfied with his work, and believed that he was successful. Then, if one looks at the overall damaged he caused with his domestic and foreign policies one can see that his domestic policies were much less successful than his foreign policies. If Mao would still be alive today he would possibly realize his mistakes and would think similar to the perspective of today. Mao was a man with visions and ideas, which he thought to be most important. However, he did more harm then did he help people with his domestic and foreign policies. One can even consider his foreign policies more successful in some ways, because his support in the Korean War did not kill as many people as his domestic polices resulted in killing. Nevertheless, one mustn’t generalize everything. One must also look from different perspectives such as Mao’s for an example. He was often left uninformed about what was really going on in the country; therefore he was most likely felt successful. The peasants had a much different point of view due to the more authentic experiences they had to undergo. But by looking at the situation form the modern eyes of today, one can clearly see the successes and failures of Chairman Mao’s dictatorship. His domestic policies were less successful than his foreign policies due to the numbers of deaths. It seems as though Mao released a chain reaction of mistakes as he did his first one with the Hundred Flowers Campaign in 1957, and that there was no way of stopping it.

Civic Integration Policy in the Changing Face of Europe essays

Civic Integration Policy in the Changing Face of Europe essays In recent decades, migration has become a major global phenomenon and Europe has received a significance share of it. In order to move along with the changing demands of society, various countries within Europe had to make modifications to their legislations. However, it was not until a decade ago that various countries have started to adopt policies that focus on migrant communities. The legislations that focus on the migrant's incorporation into the community is placed within civic integration The EU differentiates between two types of immigrants: those who are from within the EU and practice their right to free movement and those who are from outside the EU who are called third country nationals. The admission and settlement conditions between these two categories are significantly different and these differences contribute to the framework of civic integration policies within EU member countries. The term integration however has various meanings depending on the context that it is being use and who is using it. It can mean the framework of togetherness in society or it may refer to the extent in which an individual incorporates into the society. In recent years there have been various debates about civic integration practices in Europe. Some scholars see civic integration policies as a process of convergence towards Europeanisation. Other debate also focuses on the incorporation of civic integration policy, which is closely tied with immigrant policy, within immigration policy. This paper will highlight various contemporary scholarly debates around the issues of civic integration policies in the Civic integration originate in the Netherlands in the 1990's as a way to solve the problem of disproportionate immigrant unemployment, residential segregation, school dropout rates, which was common among Turkish and Moroccan populations (Joppke 2). However some scholars argue that the...